Class FileHandler

java.lang.Object
java.util.logging.Handler
java.util.logging.StreamHandler
java.util.logging.FileHandler
public class FileHandler extends StreamHandler
Simple file logging Handler.

The FileHandler can either write to a specified file, or it can write to a rotating set of files.

For a rotating set of files, as each file reaches a given size limit, it is closed, rotated out, and a new file opened. Successively older files are named by adding "0", "1", "2", etc. into the base filename.

By default buffering is enabled in the IO libraries but each log record is flushed out when it is complete.

By default the XMLFormatter class is used for formatting.

Configuration: By default each FileHandler is initialized using the following LogManager configuration properties where <handler-name> refers to the fully-qualified class name of the handler. If properties are not defined (or have invalid values) then the specified default values are used.

  • <handler-name>.level specifies the default level for the Handler (defaults to Level.ALL).
  • <handler-name>.filter specifies the name of a Filter class to use (defaults to no Filter).
  • <handler-name>.formatter specifies the name of a Formatter class to use (defaults to java.util.logging.XMLFormatter)
  • <handler-name>.encoding the name of the character set encoding to use (defaults to the default platform encoding).
  • <handler-name>.limit specifies an approximate maximum amount to write (in bytes) to any one file. If this is zero, then there is no limit. (Defaults to no limit).
  • <handler-name>.count specifies how many output files to cycle through (defaults to 1).
  • <handler-name>.pattern specifies a pattern for generating the output file name. See below for details. (Defaults to "%h/java%u.log").
  • <handler-name>.append specifies whether the FileHandler should append onto any existing files (defaults to false).
  • <handler-name>.maxLocks specifies the maximum number of concurrent locks held by FileHandler (defaults to 100).

For example, the properties for FileHandler would be:

  • java.util.logging.FileHandler.level=INFO
  • java.util.logging.FileHandler.formatter=java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter

For a custom handler, e.g. com.foo.MyHandler, the properties would be:

  • com.foo.MyHandler.level=INFO
  • com.foo.MyHandler.formatter=java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter

A pattern consists of a string that includes the following special components that will be replaced at runtime:

  • "/" the local pathname separator
  • "%t" the system temporary directory
  • "%h" the value of the "user.home" system property
  • "%g" the generation number to distinguish rotated logs
  • "%u" a unique number to resolve conflicts
  • "%%" translates to a single percent sign "%"
If no "%g" field has been specified and the file count is greater than one, then the generation number will be added to the end of the generated filename, after a dot.

Thus for example a pattern of "%t/java%g.log" with a count of 2 would typically cause log files to be written on Solaris to /var/tmp/java0.log and /var/tmp/java1.log whereas on Windows 95 they would be typically written to C:\TEMP\java0.log and C:\TEMP\java1.log

Generation numbers follow the sequence 0, 1, 2, etc.

Normally the "%u" unique field is set to 0. However, if the FileHandler tries to open the filename and finds the file is currently in use by another process it will increment the unique number field and try again. This will be repeated until FileHandler finds a file name that is not currently in use. If there is a conflict and no "%u" field has been specified, it will be added at the end of the filename after a dot. (This will be after any automatically added generation number.)

Thus if three processes were all trying to log to fred%u.%g.txt then they might end up using fred0.0.txt, fred1.0.txt, fred2.0.txt as the first file in their rotating sequences.

Note that the use of unique ids to avoid conflicts is only guaranteed to work reliably when using a local disk file system.

Since:
1.4

  • Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor
    Description
    FileHandler()
    Construct a default FileHandler.
    FileHandler(String pattern)
    Initialize a FileHandler to write to the given filename.
    FileHandler(String pattern, boolean append)
    Initialize a FileHandler to write to the given filename, with optional append.
    FileHandler(String pattern, int limit, int count)
    Initialize a FileHandler to write to a set of files.
    FileHandler(String pattern, int limit, int count, boolean append)
    Initialize a FileHandler to write to a set of files with optional append.
    FileHandler(String pattern, long limit, int count, boolean append)
    Initialize a FileHandler to write to a set of files with optional append.

  • Method Summary

    Modifier and Type
    Method
    Description
    void
    close()
    Close all the files.
    void
    publish(LogRecord record)
    Format and publish a LogRecord.

    Methods declared in class StreamHandler

    flush, isLoggable, setEncoding, setOutputStream
    Modifier and Type
    Method
    Description
    void
    flush()
    Flush any buffered messages.
    boolean
    isLoggable(LogRecord record)
    Check if this Handler would actually log a given LogRecord.
    void
    setEncoding(String encoding)
    Set (or change) the character encoding used by this Handler.
    protected void
    setOutputStream(OutputStream out)
    Change the output stream.

    Methods declared in class Handler

    getEncoding, getErrorManager, getFilter, getFormatter, getLevel, reportError, setErrorManager, setFilter, setFormatter, setLevel
    Modifier and Type
    Method
    Description
    String
    getEncoding()
    Return the character encoding for this Handler.
    ErrorManager
    getErrorManager()
    Retrieves the ErrorManager for this Handler.
    Filter
    getFilter()
    Get the current Filter for this Handler.
    Formatter
    getFormatter()
    Return the Formatter for this Handler.
    Level
    getLevel()
    Get the log level specifying which messages will be logged by this Handler.
    protected void
    reportError(String msg, Exception ex, int code)
    Protected convenience method to report an error to this Handler's ErrorManager.
    void
    setErrorManager(ErrorManager em)
    Define an ErrorManager for this Handler.
    void
    setFilter(Filter newFilter)
    Set a Filter to control output on this Handler.
    void
    setFormatter(Formatter newFormatter)
    Set a Formatter.
    void
    setLevel(Level newLevel)
    Set the log level specifying which message levels will be logged by this Handler.

    Methods declared in class Object

    clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
    Modifier and Type
    Method
    Description
    protected Object
    clone()
    Answers a new instance of the same class as the receiver, whose slots have been filled in with the values in the slots of the receiver.
    boolean
    equals(Object o)
    Compares the argument to the receiver, and answers true if they represent the same object using a class specific comparison.
    protected void
    finalize()
    Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.
    May cause performance issues, deadlocks and hangs.
    final Class<? extends Object>
    getClass()
    Answers the unique instance of java.lang.Class which represents the class of the receiver.
    int
    hashCode()
    Answers an integer hash code for the receiver.
    final void
    notify()
    Causes one thread which is waiting on the receiver to be made ready to run.
    final void
    notifyAll()
    Causes all threads which are waiting on the receiver to be made ready to run.
    String
    toString()
    Answers a string containing a concise, human-readable description of the receiver.
    final void
    wait()
    Causes the thread which sent this message to be made not ready to run pending some change in the receiver (as indicated by notify or notifyAll).
    final void
    wait(long time)
    Causes the thread which sent this message to be made not ready to run either pending some change in the receiver (as indicated by notify or notifyAll) or the expiration of the timeout.
    final void
    wait(long time, int frac)
    Causes the thread which sent this message to be made not ready to run either pending some change in the receiver (as indicated by notify or notifyAll) or the expiration of the timeout.

  • Constructor Details

    • FileHandler

      public FileHandler() throws IOException
      Construct a default FileHandler. This will be configured entirely from LogManager properties (or their default values).
      Throws:
      IOException - if there are IO problems opening the files.
      NullPointerException - if pattern property is an empty String.

    • FileHandler

      public FileHandler(String pattern) throws IOException
      Initialize a FileHandler to write to the given filename.

      The FileHandler is configured based on LogManager properties (or their default values) except that the given pattern argument is used as the filename pattern, the file limit is set to no limit, and the file count is set to one.

      There is no limit on the amount of data that may be written, so use this with care.

      Parameters:
      pattern - the name of the output file
      Throws:
      IOException - if there are IO problems opening the files.
      IllegalArgumentException - if pattern is an empty string

    • FileHandler

      public FileHandler(String pattern, boolean append) throws IOException
      Initialize a FileHandler to write to the given filename, with optional append.

      The FileHandler is configured based on LogManager properties (or their default values) except that the given pattern argument is used as the filename pattern, the file limit is set to no limit, the file count is set to one, and the append mode is set to the given append argument.

      There is no limit on the amount of data that may be written, so use this with care.

      Parameters:
      pattern - the name of the output file
      append - specifies append mode
      Throws:
      IOException - if there are IO problems opening the files.
      IllegalArgumentException - if pattern is an empty string

    • FileHandler

      public FileHandler(String pattern, int limit, int count) throws IOException
      Initialize a FileHandler to write to a set of files. When (approximately) the given limit has been written to one file, another file will be opened. The output will cycle through a set of count files.

      The FileHandler is configured based on LogManager properties (or their default values) except that the given pattern argument is used as the filename pattern, the file limit is set to the limit argument, and the file count is set to the given count argument.

      The count must be at least 1.

      Parameters:
      pattern - the pattern for naming the output file
      limit - the maximum number of bytes to write to any one file
      count - the number of files to use
      Throws:
      IOException - if there are IO problems opening the files.
      IllegalArgumentException - if limit < 0, or count < 1.
      IllegalArgumentException - if pattern is an empty string

    • FileHandler

      public FileHandler(String pattern, int limit, int count, boolean append) throws IOException
      Initialize a FileHandler to write to a set of files with optional append. When (approximately) the given limit has been written to one file, another file will be opened. The output will cycle through a set of count files.

      The FileHandler is configured based on LogManager properties (or their default values) except that the given pattern argument is used as the filename pattern, the file limit is set to the limit argument, and the file count is set to the given count argument, and the append mode is set to the given append argument.

      The count must be at least 1.

      Parameters:
      pattern - the pattern for naming the output file
      limit - the maximum number of bytes to write to any one file
      count - the number of files to use
      append - specifies append mode
      Throws:
      IOException - if there are IO problems opening the files.
      IllegalArgumentException - if limit < 0, or count < 1.
      IllegalArgumentException - if pattern is an empty string

    • FileHandler

      public FileHandler(String pattern, long limit, int count, boolean append) throws IOException
      Initialize a FileHandler to write to a set of files with optional append. When (approximately) the given limit has been written to one file, another file will be opened. The output will cycle through a set of count files.

      The FileHandler is configured based on LogManager properties (or their default values) except that the given pattern argument is used as the filename pattern, the file limit is set to the limit argument, and the file count is set to the given count argument, and the append mode is set to the given append argument.

      The count must be at least 1.

      Parameters:
      pattern - the pattern for naming the output file
      limit - the maximum number of bytes to write to any one file
      count - the number of files to use
      append - specifies append mode
      Throws:
      IOException - if there are IO problems opening the files.
      IllegalArgumentException - if limit < 0, or count < 1.
      IllegalArgumentException - if pattern is an empty string
      Since:
      9

  • Method Details

    • publish

      public void publish(LogRecord record)
      Format and publish a LogRecord.
      Overrides:
      publish in class StreamHandler
      Parameters:
      record - description of the log event. A null record is silently ignored and is not published

    • close

      public void close()
      Close all the files.
      Overrides:
      close in class StreamHandler